Yiziphi izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenziselwa ukumba?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemishini esetshenziswa ezimayini, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwezimayini (umgodi ovulekile noma ngaphansi) kanye nohlobo lwezimayini olumbiwayo.
1. Impahla yezimayini yomgodi ovulekile : Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukumba amadiphozithi amaminerali endaweni noma eduze kwayo. Ngenxa yendawo enkulu yokusebenza, imishini emikhulu nephumelelayo ingasetshenziswa. Imishini evamile yokumba umgodi ovulekile ihlanganisa:
Imishini yokumba:
I-Excavator: Isetshenziselwa ukumba nokulayisha i-ore noma i-waste rock. Kukhona osayizi abahlukene kanye nezinhlobo ze-excavators, njengabavubukuli be-backhoe, ama-excavators efosholo ebusweni, njll.
Izimbiwa zamasondo ebhakede zisetshenziselwa izimayini ezinkulu eziqhubekayo zamadiphozithi amaminerali athambile njengezihlabathi zamalahle nezihlabathi zikawoyela.
Imigqa yokudonsa isetshenziselwa ukususa umthwalo omningi (ukuhlubula) kanye nokumba amadiphozithi amaminerali angashoni.
Izinto zokuthutha:
Amaloli ezimayini asetshenziselwa ukuthutha inqwaba ye-ore noma imfucumfucu esuka endaweni yokukhipha insimbi ayiyise endaweni egaywayo, inqwaba noma imfucuza yamatshe. Lawa maloli avame ukuba makhulu kakhulu futhi akwazi ukuthwala amakhulukhulu amathani ezinto ezibonakalayo.
Izithuthi zamabhande zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha insimbi noma ukumosha amatshe ngokuqhubekayo emabangeni amade, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinendawo ethambile.
Imishini yokudlulisa isetshenziselwa ukupakisha nokubuyisela izinto eziyinqwaba.
Imishini yokuchoboza nokuhlola:
I-Crusher : Isetshenziselwa ukuphula insimbi embiwayo ibe osayizi abancane ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa kanye nokucutshungulwa okulandelayo.
Umshini wokuhlola : usetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa insimbi echotshoziwe ngokosayizi.
Imishini yokumba nokuqhumisa:
I-Rotary drills kanye ne-down-the-hole drills : okusetshenziselwa ukubhoboza izimbobo edwaleni ukuze kulayishwe iziqhumane ukuze ziqhunyiswe.
Izinto eziqhumayo nezinto zokusebenza : okusetshenziselwa ukuphula idwala eliqinile.
Izisetshenziswa ezisizayo:
Ugandaganda : Usetshenziselwa ukulinganisa indawo, ukucacisa imigwaqo nokunqwabelanisa izinto.
I-Motor grader : isetshenziselwa ukunakekela nokwakha imigwaqo yasezimayini.
I-sprinkler : Isetshenziselwa ukucindezela uthuli.
2. Impahla yezimayini engaphansi komhlaba isetshenziselwa ukumba izimbiwa phansi ezigqitshwe kakhulu, okudinga imigudu yokumba kanye nemigudu ukuze ingene emzimbeni wensimbi. Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwendawo, okokusebenza kwezimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba kuvamise ukuba kuncane futhi kuguquguquke kakhulu kunemishini yezimayini yomgodi ovulekile. Imishini evamile yokumba ngaphansi komhlaba ihlanganisa:
Imishini yokumba:
Izihloko zemigwaqo : Isetshenziselwa ukumba ngemishini yemigwaqo kanye namathaneli, ikakhulukazi ezimayini zamalahle namatshe athambile.
Izinsimbi zokubhoboza : Zihlonyiswe ngezingalo zokubhola eziningi, ezisetshenziselwa ukubhoboza imigodi edwaleni eliqinile ukuze kuqhunyiswe.
I-Rotary Drilling Rig : Isetshenziselwa ukumba ama-shaft amakhulu aqondile kanye ne-chute.
Izisetshenziswa zezimayini:
Umvukuzi oqhubekayo : Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimayini zegumbi nezinsika ezimayini zamalahle, lapho umthungo wamalahle usulwa khona ngezigubhu ezizungezisayo.
I-Longwall shearer : isetshenziswa ezimayini ze-longwall ukusika amalahle odongeni olude lwamalahle.
I-Scraper : Isetshenziselwa ukulayisha nokuthutha i-ore noma i-waste rock, ekwazi ukuhamba kahle ezindaweni ezincane.
Amaloli ezimayini : Asetshenziselwa ukuthutha inqwaba yensimbi noma imfucuza yamatshe ngaphansi komhlaba.
I-Scraper conveyor : isetshenziselwa ukuthutha amalahle ebusweni obusebenzayo be-longwall.
I-belt conveyor : isetshenziselwa ukuthutha insimbi noma udoti wamatshe amabanga amade.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimayini kuyinqubo ephelele ehlanganisa ukuhlola, ukuqhunyiswa, ukuchotshozwa, ukulayisha, ukuthutha, ukuhlola, ukugcinwa kwempahla kanye nokusekelwa kokuphepha. Isixhumanisi ngasinye sidinga ukusebenza okudidiyelwe kwemishini eminingi yobungcweti ukuze kuzuzwe ukubuyiswa kahle kwemithombo yezimbiwa phansi.
Sihlomisa izimoto zezimayini ngamarimu ochwepheshe. I-HYWG ingumklami nomkhiqizi wamasondo angekho emgwaqeni ongunombolo-1 waseChina, futhi inguchwepheshe ohamba phambili emhlabeni ekuklameni nasekukhiqizeni ingxenye yamarimu. Yonke imikhiqizo yakhelwe futhi ikhiqizwa ngokwezinga eliphezulu kakhulu.
Sinethimba locwaningo nentuthuko elakhiwe onjiniyela abakhulu nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, eligxile ocwaningweni nasekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha, kanye nokugcina isikhundla esiphambili embonini. Sisungule uhlelo oluphelele lwesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa ukuze sinikeze ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe okufika ngesikhathi nangempumelelo kanye nokugcinwa kokunakekelwa kwangemva kokuthengisa ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi amakhasimende anolwazi olushelelezi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Sinesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengama-20 ekukhiqizeni amasondo. Sinolwazi olucebe kakhulu ekukhiqizeni nasekukhiqizeni amasondo ezimayini.
Sihlinzeka ngezinhlobo eziningi zamasondo eVolvo, Caterpillar, Liebherr, John Deere, Huddig kanye neminye imikhiqizo eyaziwayo.
Kungani izimoto zezimayini zidinga amasondo akhethekile?
Izimoto zezimayini kumele zibe namasondo aklanywe ngokukhethekile (okuhlanganisa amathayi namarimu) ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa:
1. Ukubhekana nezimo zokusebenza ezeqisayo
Umthamo oqinile womthwalo osindayo: Insimbi ethuthwa izimoto zasezimayini iphezulu ngokuminyana futhi iyasinda ngesisindo, futhi amasondo adinga ukumelana nemithwalo yenqwaba noma ngisho namakhulu amathani.
Izimo zomhlabathi ezinzima: Izindawo zezimayini zivame ukuhambisana nezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengamatshe acijile, udaka, uthuli, imigodi, njll., okubeka izidingo eziphakeme zokungagugi kanye nokumelana nokubhoboza kwamasondo.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu: Ezinye izindawo zezimayini zinamazinga okushisa aphakeme, amazinga okushisa aphansi noma umswakama ophezulu, futhi amathayi avamile avame ukuguga noma ukwehluleka.
2. Thuthukisa ukuphepha nokuzinza
Ukuqinisa ukwakhiwa kwamasondo okukhethekile (okufana nesakhiwo se-steel radial) kungavimbela ngempumelelo izingozi ezifana nokuqhunyiswa kwamasondo nokugingqika.
Ihlanganiswe nomklamo werimu yezimayini (njengesakhiwo sendandatho yokukhiya ukuphepha kweziqephu ezi-5), iqinisekisa ukuthi isondo alisheleli ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuphepha kokusebenza.
3. Nweba impilo yesevisi futhi unciphise izindleko zokuyilungisa
Impahla eqinile kanye nesidumbu esijiyile singamelana nokusebenza isikhathi eside nokugingqika okuphindaphindiwe.
Idizayini yephethini ekhethekile inganciphisa ukuguga kokunyathela, ithuthukise ukunqanyulwa kokushisa, inwebe umjikelezo wokushintsha futhi yehlise izinga lesikhathi sokuphumula.
4. Zivumelanise nezidingo ezikhethekile zemishini
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yezimayini (njengamaloli okulahla aqinile, amaloli ashiwoyo, ama-LHD, amafosholo kagesi angaphansi komhlaba, njll.) anezidingo ezihlukile ezifanayo zokuthwala umthwalo, usayizi, kanye nesakhiwo samasondo.
Ezinye izinto zokusebenza, njengezimoto ezingaphansi komhlaba, zidinga amathayi aqinile noma amathayi aphansi ukuze avumelane nemigwaqo ephansi.
5. Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle
Idizayini yokubamba kwamasondo nephansi (njengamaphethini ajulile kanye nemiklamo enwetshiwe) ingathuthukisa ukudlula nokudonsa futhi inciphise ukushelela nokuma.
Ivumela izimoto zezimayini ukuthi zigcine isivinini sokuthutha esisheshayo ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu, ngaleyo ndlela zandise inani lokukhishwa kwe-ore ngesikhathi seyunithi.
Inkampani yethu ibandakanyeka kakhulu emkhakheni wemishini yobunjiniyela, izinsimbi zezimayini, izinsimbi ze-forklift, izinsimbi zezimboni, izinsimbi zezolimo, ezinye izingxenye zamarimu namathayi.
Okulandelayo ngamasayizi ahlukahlukene amarimu inkampani yethu engawakhiqiza emikhakheni ehlukene:
- Usayizi womshini wobunjiniyela:
| 8.00-20 | 7.50-20 | 8.50-20 | 10.00-20 | 14.00-20 | 10.00-24 | 10.00-25 |
| 11.25-25 | 12.00-25 | 13.00-25 | 14.00-25 | 17.00-25 | 19.50-25 | 22.00-25 |
| 24.00-25 | 25.00-25 | 36.00-25 | 24.00-29 | 25.00-29 | 27.00-29 | 13.00-33 |
- Usayizi werimu lami:
| 22.00-25 | 24.00-25 | 25.00-25 | 36.00-25 | 24.00-29 | 25.00-29 | 27.00-29 |
| 28.00-33 | 16.00-34 | 15.00-35 | 17.00-35 | 19.50-49 | 24.00-51 | 40.00-51 |
| 29.00-57 | 32.00-57 | 41.00-63 | 44.00-63 |
- Usayizi werimu lesondo le-Forklift:
| 3.00-8 | 4.33-8 | 4.00-9 | 6.00-9 | 5.00-10 | 6.50-10 | 5.00-12 |
| 8.00-12 | 4.50-15 | 5.50-15 | 6.50-15 | 7.00-15 | 8.00-15 | 9.75-15 |
| 11.00-15 | 11.25-25 | 13.00-25 | 13.00-33 |
- Ubukhulu berimu yemoto yezimboni:
| 7.00-20 | 7.50-20 | 8.50-20 | 10.00-20 | 14.00-20 | 10.00-24 | 7.00x12 |
| 7.00x15 | 14x25 | 8.25x16.5 | 9.75x16.5 | 16x17 | 13x15.5 | 9x15.3 |
| 9x18 | 11x18 | 13x24 | 14x24 | DW14x24 | DW15x24 | 16x26 |
| DW25x26 | W14x28 | 15x28 | DW25x28 |
- Usayizi werimu lemishini yezolimo:
| 5.00x16 | 5.5x16 | 6.00-16 | 9x15.3 | 8LBx15 | 10LBx15 | 13x15.5 |
| 8.25x16.5 | 9.75x16.5 | 9x18 | 11x18 | W8x18 | W9x18 | 5.50x20 |
| W7x20 | W11x20 | W10x24 | W12x24 | 15x24 | 18x24 | I-DW18Lx24 |
| DW16x26 | DW20x26 | W10x28 | 14x28 | DW15x28 | DW25x28 | W14x30 |
| DW16x34 | W10x38 | DW16x38 | W8x42 | DD18Lx42 | I-DW23Bx42 | W8x44 |
| W13x46 | 10x48 | W12x48 | 15x10 | 16x5.5 | 16x6.0 |
Imikhiqizo yethu isezingeni lomhlaba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-23-2025